The current low-carbon transition plans of 10 of Europe’s and North America’s biggest listed oil and gas companies are not good enough to assess the risks involved, the world’s leading investor climate action group said on Wednesday.

Climate Action 100+ said the companies including Exxon Mobil, Shell and Chevron were assessed using its sector-specific Net Zero Standard for Oil & Gas framework by the independent Transition Pathway Initiative (TPI) Centre.

The other companies included in the analysis were TotalEnergies, ConocoPhillips, BP, Occidental Petroleum, Eni, Repsol and Suncor Energy.

Each was assessed using indicators and sub-indicators under three broad themes – Disclosure, where companies are rewarded for providing information about their activities; Alignment, which tests their climate ambition; and Climate Solutions, which tracks their investments in greener activities.

The aim of the Net Zero Standard for Oil & Gas (NZS) framework is to allow to assess to what degree the disclosures and strategies of companies in the sector are aligned with the Paris Agreement on climate.

Overall, the companies met just 19% of all the NZS metrics. European companies performed the best, led by TotalEnergies, BP and Eni, with North American companies weaker across all three themes.

Shell and ConocoPhillips declined to comment on the findings. The other companies did not immediately reply or were not immediately able to comment on the report.

While several companies are targeting net-zero emissions by 2050, a lack of detail on their planned use of carbon capture technology meant it was hard to tell how they would get there, CA100+ said.

On the issue of fossil fuel production, which the International Energy Agency says will need to be reined in to hit the world’s climate goals – a move acknowledged at the COP28 climate talks in Dubai in November – few firms appeared to concur.

Among disclosure sub-indicators, none of the companies acknowledged the “need for substantial production reduction across the industry”. Of the 10, only Repsol and TotalEnergies guided on long-term oil, gas or their combined production.

None of the companies provided the desired detail on their planned greenfield capital expenditure plans, the report added.

“The inaugural assessment of the Net Zero Standard for Oil and Gas delivers a clear message: while certain companies showcase commendable strides towards robust climate strategy, the overall industry landscape remains alarmingly underprepared for the transition,” said Jared Sharp, Project Lead for Net Zero Standards, TPI Centre.

The hope is that the analysis will be able to help inform engagement by asset managers with the boards of the companies, as the season for annual general meetings picks up pace in the weeks ahead, Sharp said.